E 250,000 tāne o ngā hua onepu tauwhiro kua whakaputaina e Vale, kua whakamanahia hei whakakapi i te onepu e keria turekoretia ana.

Whai muri i te whitu tau o te rangahau me te haumitanga o te 50 miriona reais, kua whakawhanakehia e Vale tētahi tukanga whakaputa mō ngā hua onepu kounga teitei, ka taea te whakamahi i roto i te umanga hanga. Kua whakamahia e te kamupene tēnei tukanga whakaputa hua onepu ki te rohe mahi rino i Minas Gerais, ā, kua hurihia ngā rauemi onepu i hiahiatia ai te whakamahi i ngā tāke, i ngā tikanga whakarārangi rānei hei hua. Ko te tukanga whakaputa kei raro i te mana whakahaere kounga rite tonu ki te whakaputa rino. I tēnei tau, kua tukatukahia, kua whakaputaina hoki e te kamupene te 250,000 tana o ngā hua onepu pumau, ā, kei te whakamahere te kamupene ki te hoko, ki te koha rānei i ēnei mō te hanga raima, moata me te sima, mō te whakatakoto papa rānei.

I kī a Mr. Marcello Spinelli, te Tumuaki Tuarua o te Pakihi Rino o Vale, ko ngā hua onepu he hua o ngā mahi whakahaere pumau ake. I mea ia: "Nā tēnei kaupapa mātou i akiaki ki te hanga i tētahi ōhanga porowhita i roto i a mātou anō. He nui te hiahia mō te onepu i roto i te umanga hanga. Ka whakaratohia e ā mātou hua onepu he huarahi pono hei whakakapi i te umanga hanga, me te whakaiti i ngā pānga taiao me te pāpori o te whakakorenga para. Te awe."

Te wāhi keri o Bulkoutu, te papa rokiroki hua onepu tauwhiro

E ai ki ngā whakatau tata a te Kotahitanga o ngā Whenua o te Ao, ko te hiahia ā-tau mō te onepu kei te 40 ki te 50 piriona tana. Ko te onepu te rauemi taiao e whakamahia nuitia ana i muri i te wai, ā, kei te whakamahia turekoretia tēnei rauemi, ā, kei te kaipahuatia hoki i te ao whānui.

Ko ngā hua onepu pumau a Vale e kiia ana he hua taha o te rino. Ko te kohatu mata i keria mai i te taiao ka huri hei rino i muri i ētahi tukanga tukatuka ā-tinana pēnei i te kuru, te tātari, te huri me te whakapai ake i roto i te wheketere. Ko te auahatanga a Vale kei roto i te tukatuka anō i ngā hua taha rino i te wāhanga whakapai ake kia tae rā anō ki ngā whakaritenga kounga e tika ana, ā, ka noho hei hua arumoni. I roto i te tukanga whakapai ake tuku iho, ka huri ēnei rauemi hei paru, ka makahia mā te whakamahi i ngā tāke, i roto rānei i ngā puranga. Ināianei, ko ia tana o te hua onepu e whakaputaina ana he whakaiti i te kotahi tana o ngā paru.

Ko ngā hua onepu i hangaia mai i te tukanga tukatuka rino he mea whaimana 100%. He nui te ihirangi silicon me te iti rawa o te ihirangi rino, ā, he teitei te ōritetanga matū me te ōritetanga rahi matūriki. I kī a Mr. Jefferson Corraide, te kaiwhakahaere matua o te rohe mahi whakauru o Brucutu me Agualimpa, kāore tēnei momo hua onepu i te morearea. "Ko ā mātou hua onepu ka tukatukahia mā ngā tikanga ā-tinana, ā, kāore te hanganga matū o ngā rauemi e rerekē i te wā e tukatukahia ana, nō reira kāore he paitini, he kino hoki ngā hua."

Kua whakamanahia te whakamahinga o ngā hua onepu a Vale ki te raima me te moata e te Brazilian Institute of Scientific Research (IPT), Falcão Bauer me ConsultareLabCon, arā, ngā taiwhanga ngaio e toru.

Kei te whakahaerehia e ngā kairangahau o te Institute of Sustainable Minerals i te Whare Wānanga o Queensland i Ahitereiria me te Whare Wānanga o Geneva i Switzerland tētahi rangahau motuhake hei tātari i ngā āhuatanga o ngā hua onepu o Vale kia mārama ai mēnā ka taea e tēnei rauemi hanga rerekē i ahu mai i te konganuku te noho hei puna onepu pumau, ā, ka whakaiti nui i te nui o ngā para e puta mai ana i ngā mahi keri. Ka whakamahia e ngā kairangahau te kupu "onepu konganuku" hei tohu i ngā hua onepu i ahu mai i ngā hua taha o te konganuku, ā, ka puta mā te tukatuka.

tauine whakaputa

E whakapau kaha ana a Vale ki te hoko, ki te koha rānei i te neke atu i te 1 miriona tana o ngā hua onepu i te tau 2022. Nō ngā rohe e whā ngā kaihoko tae atu ki a Minas Gerais, Espirito Santo, Sao Paulo me Brasilia. E matapaetia ana e te kamupene i te tau 2023, ka eke te putanga o ngā hua onepu ki te 2 miriona tana.

"Kua rite mātou ki te whakawhānui ake i te mākete tono mō ngā hua onepu mai i te tau 2023. Mō tēnei kaupapa, kua whakatūria e mātou he tīma motuhake hei haumi ki tēnei pakihi hou. Ka whakamahia e rātou te tukanga whakaputa hua onepu ki te tukanga whakaputa o nāianei hei whakatutuki i te hiahia o te mākete," te kī a Mr. Rogério Nogueira, te Kaiwhakahaere o Vale Iron Ore Marketing.

Kei te whakaputa a Vale i ngā hua onepu i te maina Brucutu i San Gonzalo de Abaisau, Minas Gerais, ka hokona, ka kohaina rānei.

Kei te mahi anō hoki ētahi atu wāhi keri i Minas Gerais i ngā whakarerekētanga taiao me te keri hei whakauru i ngā tukanga whakaputa onepu. "Ka whakaputahia e ēnei wāhi keri ngā rauemi onepu he nui te ihirangi silicon, ka taea te whakamahi i roto i ngā ahumahi rerekē. Kei te mahi tahi mātou me ngā umanga maha tae atu ki ngā whare wānanga, ngā pokapū rangahau me ngā kamupene o roto me tāwāhi ki te whakawhanake i ngā otinga hou hei whakarato i ngā paru rino hou. He ara puta noa." I whakanui a Mr. André Vilhena, te kaiwhakahaere pakihi hou o Vale.

Haunga te whakamahi i ngā hanganga o nāianei i roto i te rohe keri rino, kua whakawhanakehia hoki e Vale tētahi whatunga kawe waka e whai ake nei ko ngā ara rerewē me ngā rori hei kawe i ngā hua onepu ki ngā whenua maha i Brazil. "Ko tā mātou arotahi he whakarite i te pumau o te pakihi rino. Mā tēnei pakihi hou, e tumanako ana mātou ki te whakaiti i te pānga ki te taiao, me te rapu huarahi ki te whakatairanga i te mahi me te whakapiki i te moni whiwhi," te tāpiri a Mr. Verena.

ngā hua taiao

Kua whakahaerehia e Vale ngā rangahau mō te whakamahinga o ngā parapara mai i te tau 2014. I te tau kua hipa, i whakatuwheratia e te kamupene te Puku Brick Factory, koinei te wheketere whakamātautau tuatahi ki te whakaputa hua hangahanga mā te whakamahi i ngā parapara mai i ngā mahi keri hei rauemi mata matua. Kei te rohe keri o Pico i Itabilito, Minas Gerais te tipu, ā, ko te whāinga he whakatairanga i tētahi ōhanga porowhita i roto i te tukatuka o te rino.

I tīmata te mahi tahi hangarau a te Pokapū Matua mō te Mātauranga Pūtaiao me te Hangarau o Minas Gerais me te Wheketere Pereki o Pico, ā, i tukuna e rātou tekau ngā kairangahau tae atu ki ngā ahorangi, ngā tohunga hangarau taiwhanga, ngā tauira paerua, paetahi me ngā tauira akoranga hangarau ki te wheketere. I roto i te wā mahi tahi, ka mahi mātou i te papa wheketere, ā, kāore ngā hua i te wā rangahau me te whakawhanake e hokona ki te ao o waho.

Kei te mahi tahi hoki a Vale me te puni o Itabira o Te Whare Wānanga Matua o Itajuba ki te ako i te tikanga whakamahi i ngā hua onepu mō te whakatakoto ara. Kei te whakamahere te kamupene ki te koha i ngā hua onepu ki te rohe mō te whakatakoto ara.

Te maina tauwhiro ake

Haunga te whakawhanake i ngā hua taiao, kua tangohia hoki e Vale ētahi atu mahi hei whakaiti i ngā paru me te whakapai ake i ngā mahi keri. Kua whakapau kaha te kamupene ki te whakawhanake i te hangarau tukatuka maroke kāore e hiahiatia he wai. I tēnei wā, tata ki te 70% o ngā hua rino a Vale ka whakaputaina mā te tukatuka maroke, ā, ka noho tonu tēnei ōwehenga ahakoa kua whakanuia te kaha whakaputa ā-tau ki te 400 miriona tana me te whakatinanatanga o ngā kaupapa hou. I te tau 2015, ko te rino i whakaputaina mā te tukatuka maroke he 40% noa iho o te putanga katoa.

Ko te kounga o te rino e keria ana te mea e pā ana ki te āheinga o te tukatuka maroke. He nui te rino i roto i te rino i Carajás (neke atu i te 65%), ā, me kuru noa te tukanga tukatuka me te tātari kia rite ki te rahi o te matūriki.

Ko te toharite o te nui o te rino i roto i ētahi wāhi keri i Minas Gerais he 40%. Ko te tikanga tukatuka tuku iho ko te whakanui ake i te nui o te rino i roto i te konganuku mā te tāpiri wai ki te whakapūmau. Ko te nuinga o ngā para ka puta mai ka whakarārangihia ki roto i ngā tāke para, ki ngā rua rānei. Kua whakamahia e Vale tētahi atu hangarau mō te whakapūmau i te konganuku rino iti-kounga, arā, ko te hangarau wehenga aukume maroke o te konganuku pai (FDMS). Kāore e hiahiatia he wai mō te tukanga wehenga aukume o te konganuku rino, nō reira kāore he take ki te whakamahi i ngā tāke para.

I whakawhanakehia te hangarau wehenga aukume maroke mō te konganuku pai i Brazil e NewSteel, i hokona e Vale i te tau 2018, ā, kua whakamahia i roto i tētahi tipu whakamātautau i Minas Gerais. Ka whakamahia te tipu arumoni tuatahi i te rohe whakahaere o Vargem Grande i te tau 2023. Ka eke te kaha whakaputa ā-tau o te tipu ki te 1.5 miriona tana, ā, ka eke te haumitanga katoa ki te US$150 miriona.

Ko tētahi atu hangarau ka taea te whakaiti i te hiahia mō ngā tāke para ko te tātari i ngā para me te penapena i roto i ngā puranga maroke. Kia tae te kaha whakaputa rino ā-tau ki te 400 miriona tana, ko te nuinga o ngā 60 miriona tana (e 15% o te kaha whakaputa katoa) ka whakamahi i tēnei hangarau hei tātari me te penapena i ngā para. Kua whakatuwherahia e Vale tētahi tipu tātari para i roto i te rohe keri o Great Varzhin, ā, kei te whakamahere kia whakatuwherahia ētahi atu tipu tātari para e toru i te hauwhā tuatahi o te tau 2022, kei roto tētahi i te rohe keri o Brucutu, ā, kei roto ētahi atu e rua i te rohe keri o Itabira. Whai muri i tēnā, ko te rino i hangaia e te tukanga whakapainga mākū tuku iho ka 15% noa iho o te kaha whakaputa katoa, ā, ko ngā para i hangaia ka rongoatia ki roto i ngā tāke para, ki ngā poka keri kua whakakorea rānei.